{"id":28355,"date":"2021-08-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-09T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museuterra.srvcactus.com\/article\/article-lautenticitat-el-turisme-rural-i-les-galetes-daneses\/"},"modified":"2025-07-14T17:27:57","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T15:27:57","slug":"article-lautenticitat-el-turisme-rural-i-les-galetes-daneses","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/museuterra.srvcactus.com\/fr\/article\/article-lautenticitat-el-turisme-rural-i-les-galetes-daneses\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019autenticitat, el turisme rural i les galetes daneses"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Quantes decepcions rebudes quan, \u00e0vids gormands, a casa els avis hem obert una d\u2019aquelles llaunes blau reial a la cerca de les suculentes galetes de mantega daneses i nom\u00e9s hi hem trobat fils, betes, agulles i didals. \u00c9s un fet que succeeix a tot el m\u00f3n, les famos\u00edssimes llaunes de galetes daneses convertides en cosidors improvisats. I passa des dels anys seixanta, aquella d\u00e8cada en qu\u00e8 a les platges de la Costa Brava comen\u00e7aven a desembarcar turistes, all\u00f2 que la cultura popular espanyola batej\u00e0 com \u00absueques\u00bb independentment de quin pa\u00eds vinguessin, sempre que fossin roses, de pell blanca i utilitzessin escandalosos biquinis tolerats per la dictadura a canvi de fer caixa. El 1966, molt lluny de la Costa Brava, a Dinamarca, obria l\u2019empresa Royal Dansk, especialitzada en galetes de mantega i que des del primer minut va comen\u00e7ar a comercialitzar-les dins d\u2019una capsa de llauna, rodona i d\u2019un blau fulgurant<\/strong>. R\u00e0pidament van convertir-se en un reclam ic\u00f2nic del pa\u00eds i en\u00a0<\/span>un dels souvenirs<\/em> per excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia. Per aix\u00f2 inclo\u00efen a la tapa la imatge d\u2019una granja amb la seva arquitectura tradicional que apel\u00b7lava directament al m\u00f3n rural com a s\u00edmbol d\u2019autenticitat.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>Res no importava que les galetes sortissin d\u2019una factoria de la ciutat d\u2019Helsing\u00f8r, a m\u00e9s de dos-cents quil\u00f2metres de dist\u00e0ncia. El\u00a0<\/span>locus amoenus<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>enllaunat ven.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>

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Capsa de galetes de mantega. Foto Royal Dansk.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>

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I \u00e9s que\u00a0<\/span>fugir al camp, deixar enrere el brogit de la ciutat i instal\u00b7lar-se per uns dies a la suposada calma del m\u00f3n rural ha estat una constant en la hist\u00f2ria<\/strong>. Des dels romans i les seves luxoses vil\u00b7les fins als reis i bisbes medievals que estiuejaven en algun dels poblets de la di\u00f2cesi o en sumptuosos masos fora de l\u2019estrident capital, tothom qui m\u00e9s qui menys ha anat\u00a0<\/span>a la cerca d\u2019aquell\u00a0<\/span>beatus ille<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>horaci\u00e0, un elogi a la vida rural id\u00edl\u00b7lica i idealitzada i que ara en diem turisme rural.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>

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Balneari de Villa Engracia (Les Masies, l'Espluga de Francol\u00ed). Arxiu fotogr\u00e0fic del Museu de la Vida Rural. Col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 de M. \u00c0ngela Anguera<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>

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M\u00e9s tard, al segle XIX i principis del XX,\u00a0<\/span>els balnearis i, sobretot, l\u2019excursionisme centren les vacances d\u2019una burgesia catalanista que s\u2019endinsava en el medi rural com un aventurer amb salacot amb la idea de visitar els vestigis d\u2019un passat esplendor\u00f3s i trobar l\u2019ess\u00e8ncia del pa\u00eds en forma de pagesos amb espardenyes i barretina<\/strong>. I no solament aix\u00f2, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 per endur-se part d\u2019aquesta autenticitat rural en un\u00a0<\/span>souvenir<\/em>, fos una postal o una capsa de llauna amb carquinyolis de l\u2019Espluga de Francol\u00ed profusament il\u00b7lustrada amb imatges del poble i, sobretot, del\u00a0<\/span>Monestir de Poblet<\/a>. Aix\u00f2 s\u00ed, aquestes imatges, com les de les postals, curosament triades, res de mostrar les tombes del pante\u00f3 reial esventrades a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de la desamortitzaci\u00f3 i saqueig posterior; plans generals i de les estances que transmeten menys decrepitud. Autenticitat seleccionada, la dels<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>souvenirs<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>

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Capsa de carquinyolis de la Pastisseria Farr\u00e9 Gamell. Pe\u00e7a n\u00fam. 3714 de la col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 de l'MVR.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a9MuseuVidaRural<\/em><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>

\n\t\t\t\tm\u00e9s informaci\u00f3 de la pe\u00e7a<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>
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Per aix\u00f2 mateix, i encara m\u00e9s tard, el franquisme intenta controlar la imatge d\u2019aquests records amb el foment desmesurat d\u2019una ind\u00fastria del\u00a0<\/span>souvenir<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>protagonitzada per postals, vestits tradicionals (altre cop el pag\u00e8s i la barretina) i gastronomia d\u2019arrel i amb especial menci\u00f3 per a la cultura andalusa com arquetip d\u2019espanyolitat.<\/p>\n

\u00c9s tamb\u00e9 durant el llarg franquisme, als anys seixanta, que s\u2019esdev\u00e9 la paradoxa de l\u2019autenticitat, el turisme i el m\u00f3n rural. Seguint el model d\u2019altres pa\u00efsos m\u00e9s avan\u00e7ats i plenament democr\u00e0tics,\u00a0<\/span>el mateix r\u00e8gim dictatorial que en aquells anys atiava el despoblament rural negant pobles sencers sota l\u2019aigua d\u2019embassaments i amb la creaci\u00f3 de grans nuclis industrials a les ciutats, pretenia impulsar un turisme rural des de les urbs amb el seu Programa de Vacaciones en Casas de Labranza<\/strong>. La idea era que fam\u00edlies de l\u2019entorn rural lloguessin habitacions o cases senceres a visitants urbanites. Aix\u00f2 havia de permetre al foraster \u2014deien els impulsors\u2014 conviure amb una fam\u00edlia d\u2019agricultors i con\u00e8ixer-los des de dins i qui sap si fins i tot emportar-se una fal\u00e7, una forca o una aixada com a record per exposar al menjador de casa com una excentricitat. L\u2019autenticitat de l\u2019experi\u00e8ncia. I per la seva part, l\u2019agricultor que s\u2019hi prestava tenia l\u2019oportunitat de con\u00e8ixer m\u00e9s de prop la ciutat. Sembla una absurditat, per\u00f2 pel que fa a xifres va funcionar i va durar fins a mitjans dels anys vuitanta, quan el turisme rural com avui l\u2019entenem comen\u00e7a a prendre forma gr\u00e0cies als fons europeus i els FEDER, sobretot, a partir dels noranta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>

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Targeta postal. Pe\u00e7a de la col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 del Museu de la Vida Rural. \u00a9MuseuVidaRural<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>

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El turisme \u2014rural o del tipus que sigui\u2014 \u00e9s necessari en tant que l\u2019hem convertit en una part imprescindible de la nostra societat, per\u00f2 redueix i simplifica.<\/strong>\u00a0Els tres-cents metres d\u2019al\u00e7ada \u2014i d\u2019autenticitat\u2014 de la Torre Eiffel poden reduir-se fins a fer-ne un clauer que ens cap al palmell de la m\u00e0 i, en conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, a la maleta de tornada a casa. I les vistes de les ciutats i pobles que esperen en els expositors de postals dels quioscos s\u00f3n imatges planes, fixes i inamovibles que no permeten aprofundir-hi gaire, per no dir gens. La frontera entre l\u2019aut\u00e8ntic i l\u2019impostat \u00e9s fr\u00e0gil i difusa. Com una llauna amb una granja danesa litografiada que promet galetes de mantega i acaba oferint betes i fils.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>

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Vols saber m\u00e9s coses sobre la postal?<\/p>\n

Segueix a\u00a0<\/span>Museu Particular<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>a\u00a0<\/span>Twitter\u00a0<\/span><\/a>i a\u00a0<\/span>Instagram<\/a>!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":26130,"template":"","format":[203],"autor":[202],"ods":[265],"seccio":[179],"class_list":["post-28355","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","autor-alex-rebollo-sanchez","format-article","ods-art-patrimoni-cultura","seccio-memoria"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019autenticitat, el turisme rural i les galetes daneses - Museu Terra<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/museuterra.srvcactus.com\/fr\/article\/article-lautenticitat-el-turisme-rural-i-les-galetes-daneses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019autenticitat, el turisme rural i les galetes daneses - 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