{"id":28354,"date":"2021-07-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-14T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museuterra.srvcactus.com\/article\/article-la-decada-mes-dolorosa\/"},"modified":"2025-06-20T16:30:16","modified_gmt":"2025-06-20T14:30:16","slug":"article-la-decada-mes-dolorosa","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/museuterra.srvcactus.com\/es\/article\/article-la-decada-mes-dolorosa\/","title":{"rendered":"La d\u00e8cada m\u00e9s dolorosa"},"content":{"rendered":"
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A principis del segle xx a Herba-savina, un poblet del Pallars Juss\u00e0, hi vivien una dotzena de fam\u00edlies. L\u2019any 1964, quan nom\u00e9s n\u2019hi sobrevivien quatre, el Govern espanyol a trav\u00e9s de l\u2019ICONA<\/a>, (popularment conegut com<\/em> La<\/em> Forestal<\/em>), va comprar-los el poble. Una de les fam\u00edlies va negar-se a abandonar la casa i les terres. Els nous propietaris van fer-los la vida impossible repoblant de pins les finques ve\u00efnes, de manera que els tossuts que es van quedar es van veure obligats a posar tanques als seus camps. En cas que les vaques malmetessin les plantes de pi, els guardes forestals els fregirien a multes. La fam\u00edlia va resistir al llarg de cinc anys. L\u2019any 1969, despr\u00e9s de la mort de la padrina, la principal defensora de la casa, els ve\u00efns d\u00edscols van abandonar la lluita i se\u2019n van anar a viure a la Pobla de Segur. El poble d\u2019Herba-savina va tenir una fi dram\u00e0tica, \u00fanica i personal, com desenes de poblets avui en ru\u00efnes de les valls pirinenques i de mitja muntanya. En canvi, els pobles que durant aquells anys dif\u00edcils no es van buidar del tot, nom\u00e9s que hi resist\u00eds una sola fam\u00edlia, cap a finals de segle es van anar recuperant.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>

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Herba-savina, l'any 1967. Foto: Jordi Mir<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>

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Els manuals d\u2019Hist\u00f2ria de Catalunya presenten els anys seixanta del segle passat com una d\u00e8cada de creixement industrial, d\u2019obertura del pa\u00eds. En definitiva, una \u00e8poca din\u00e0mica i alegre, amb l\u2019arribada dels turistes, dels electrodom\u00e8stics, la mini-faldilla i la \u00abnova can\u00e7\u00f3\u00bb. Els flamants Seat 600 que el cap de setmana abandonaven les ciutats i omplien les carreteres es creuaven amb autocars atrotinats on viatjaven fam\u00edlies que havien hagut d\u2019abandonar el poble, la casa i les finques dels seus avantpassats. A aquest \u00e8xode rural del camp catal\u00e0 cap a les ciutats, els nostres historiadors oficials no li han dedicat gaires l\u00ednies. Tampoc els mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3, ni els g\u00e8neres art\u00edstics de ficci\u00f3 com el cinema o la literatura. \u00abLes pedres de tartera\u00bb que al llarg d\u2019aquella d\u00e8cada rodolaven discretament, sense fer gaire soroll, cap a les ciutats no han interessat mai gaire als ciutadans del nostre pa\u00eds. Almenys, si ho comparem amb l\u2019abund\u00e0ncia ingent de material que ha generat l\u2019altre \u00e8xode: l\u2019arribada a Catalunya de fam\u00edlies del sud i d\u2019altres regions d\u2019Espanya.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>

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Segons un\u00a0<\/span>estudi de la Universitat de Lleida<\/a>\u00a0publicat l\u2019any 2021, <\/span>200 municipis catalans pateixen una situaci\u00f3 cr\u00edtica<\/strong>\u00a0de despoblament.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t

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L\u2019any 1979, deu anys despr\u00e9s que Herba-savina i les masies de m\u00e9s amunt es despoblessin del tot, es va cremar el bosc de Carreu. El foc feia hores que havia comen\u00e7at, per\u00f2 com que ning\u00fa en va donar l\u2019alarma, quan els guardes forestals i els bombers hi van arribar, ja era massa tard. Si anys enrere les autoritats, en lloc de fer la vida impossible als ve\u00efns que no se\u2019n volien anar, els haguessin donat facilitats per quedar-se a la seva terra, la destrossa s\u2019hauria pogut evitar. L\u2019incendi va arrasar les dues vessants de la vall de Carreu, la solana i l\u2019obaga, causant danys irreparables en els llocs m\u00e9s empinats de la muntanya. En cremar-se la vegetaci\u00f3, la primera tempesta de l\u2019estiu va emportar-se el fr\u00e0gil tou de terra que sostenien les arrels i deix\u00e0 a la vista la llenasca grisa i descarnada de la muntanya.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>

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Herba-savina, l'any 2015. Foto: Joan Ganyet<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>

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Descobriu Herba-savina a trav\u00e9s d'aquest v\u00eddeo<\/a> produ\u00eft per Joaquim Guasch Drudis l\u2019estiu de 2017.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>

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Tamb\u00e9 l\u2019incendi del despoblament que al llarg d\u2019una d\u00e8cada va assolar el m\u00f3n rural va emportar-se per sempre poblacions mil\u00b7len\u00e0ries, camins antics, hist\u00f2ries, paraules i formes de vida que componien la nostra manera de veure el m\u00f3n i d\u2019explicar-lo. \u00c9s evident que no tot es podia salvar, que des del punt de vista econ\u00f2mic l\u2019\u00e8xode va ser en general positiu, fins i tot que a moltes persones la fugida for\u00e7ada els va comportar tamb\u00e9 un alliberament. Per\u00f2 hem perdut valors materials i espirituals que ens serien ben \u00fatils al segle XXI.<\/p>\n

Aquests darrers anys, quan la premsa espanyola ha encunyat l\u2019expressi\u00f3 la Espa\u00f1a vac\u00eda<\/em>, alguns aqu\u00ed se l\u2019han copiada i parlen ara de \u00abla Catalunya buida\u00bb. En realitat s\u2019hauria de dir \u00abbuidada\u00bb, perqu\u00e8 D\u00e9u-n\u2019hi-do, si n\u2019havia estat abans, de plena! Avui els pobles petits que van resistir amb almenys una fam\u00edlia els pitjors anys de la d\u00e8cada dolorosa, gaudeixen d\u2019un prestigi que no havien tingut mai. A molts urbanites els encanta poder dir que s\u00f3n de poble; com m\u00e9s miserable, m\u00e9s orgullosos se\u2019n senten. La contaminaci\u00f3 de l\u2019aire i l\u2019agitaci\u00f3 urbana, la pand\u00e8mia i el teletreball han comen\u00e7at a aportar sang nova als pobles petits.<\/p>\n

Tanmateix, abans de passar p\u00e0gina quant al m\u00f3n antic, valdria la pena de passar comptes dels valors perduts, valors humans especialment, de \u00abmem\u00f2ria hist\u00f2rica\u00bb, com tant els agrada de dir als pol\u00edtics. Quan encara queden moltes persones que van viure i patir aquells fets, potser ha arribat el moment de convocar una mena de congr\u00e9s a escala nacional sobre el gran \u00e8xode rural dels anys seixanta. Hi ha alguna instituci\u00f3 pol\u00edtica, sindical o cultural que s\u2019hi engresqui? El cinquantenari de la gran marxa en podria ser l\u2019excusa.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":26123,"template":"","format":[203],"autor":[255],"ods":[175],"seccio":[190],"class_list":["post-28354","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","autor-pep-coll","format-article","ods-comunitats-sostenibles","seccio-reflexio"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa d\u00e8cada m\u00e9s dolorosa - Museu Terra<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pep Coll reflexiona sobre l'\u00e8xode rural. 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